糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究热点与趋势分析

目的 探讨糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究现状、热点与前沿。方法 收集Web of Science核心合集于2000年1月1日至2021年11月20日发表的糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的相关文章，运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入英文文献148篇，近20年来该领域发文量呈上升趋势。美国发文量最多（46篇, 31.08%），机构间合作情况的可视化分析共得到个340节点、929条连线，网络密度为0.0161，作者间合作关系的知识图谱共得到790个节点、2425条连线，网络密度为0.0078，关键词共现分析结果显示，糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的危险因素、患病率、诊断和治疗是该领域的研究热点和趋势。结论 糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的发文量不断增加，机构间、区域内和国际范围内的合作有待进一步开展。立足国情，探索慢病共病的管理模式将有助于优化共病管理，进一步推动慢病管理的进程。     

大数据时代关于隐私的思考

针对中美两国在大数据时代对隐私保护的现状进行了对比,从法律保护和社会保护两个角度分别进行了分析,指出在美国大数据的发展与隐私保护的冲突已经呈现出较为激烈的态势.在我国大数据发展暂时还没有威胁到社会公众的隐私意识,但及早关注大数据发展,并科学合理地设计与制定隐私与大数据权衡的法律与政策已经迫在眉睫.     

The tragic fate of group 3 innate lymphoid cells during HIV-1 infection

HIV-1 infection usually leads to systemic chronic inflammation that is associated with gut microbial translocation. The recently defined group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are critical for maintenance of intestinal barrier function; however, it is not clear whether and how HIV-1 infection influences the function of these cells. In this issue of the JCI, Zhang and colleagues present compelling evidence that the survival and function of ILC3s are dramatically impaired by HIV-1 infection. The authors provide evidence that HIV-1 infection induces persistent activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and production of type I IFNs, which together increase expression of death receptor CD95 on ILC3s and thereby promote subsequent ILC3 apoptosis. Together, these results identify a mechanism that explains the impaired intestinal barrier function that results from chronic HIV-1 infection and shed light on the role of pDCs in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and therapy.     

Helicobacter pylori induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinogenesis via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the development and progression of H. pylori-associated GC. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. The AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway has been demonstrated to promote EMT in several types of cancer. The present study investigated whether H. pylori infection induced EMT, and promoted the development and metastasis of cancer in the normal gastric mucosa, and whether this process was dependent on AKT activation. The expression levels of the EMT-associated proteins, including E-cadherin and N-cadherin, were determined in 165 gastric mucosal samples of different disease stages by immunohistochemical analysis. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, AKT, phosphorylated (p-)AKT (Ser473), GSK3β and p-GSK3β (Ser9) were further determined in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil gastric tissues and cells co-cultured with H. pylori by immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting. The results indicated that the expression levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin were decreased, whereas the expression levels of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin were increased during gastric carcinogenesis. Their expression levels were associated with H. pylori infection. Furthermore, H. pylori infection resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin expression and upregulation of N-cadherin expression in Mongolian gerbils and GES-1 cells. In addition, an investigation of the associated mechanism of action revealed that p-AKT (Ser473) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) were activated in GES-1 cells following co-culture with H. pylori. Furthermore, following pretreatment of the cells with the AKT inhibitor VIII, the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, p-AKT and p-GSK3β did not show significant differences between GES-1 cells that were co-cultured with or without H. pylori. The levels of p-AKT and p-GSK3β were increased in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that H. pylori infection activated AKT and resulted in the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, which in turn promoted early stage EMT. These effects were AKT-dependent. This mechanism may serve as a prerequisite for GC development.     

Effect of Dexmedetomidine infusion during hip fracture surgery on hemodynamic parameters and blood loss: A triple-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction In this study, we aim to assess the intra-operative effect of dexmedetomidine administration on the hemodynamic parameters and bleeding volume during hip fracture surgery.Patients and methods we designed and implemented a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial to objectively compare the effects of 0.5 µg/kg/h infusion of dexmedetomidine with placebo (equal amount of normal saline) during hip fracture surgery. All included cases were between 30 and 70 years old and underwent surgery for fixation of a proximal femur fracture from September 26, 2020 until February 15, 2021. They were all ASA class I or II with preoperative hemoglobin levels of 10 mg/dL or higher. Surgical blood loss and hemodynamic parameters were documented.Results 76 patients were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics. The bleeding rate was 620 ± 190.0 mL for the normal saline group and 476 ± 177.98 mL in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.04). No significant effect on hemodynamic parameters was observed.Conclusion Based on the current study, intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine during hip fracture surgery under general anesthesia reduced the amount of intraoperative bleeding without causing any significant hemodynamic disturbances.Registration number IRCT20191222045857N1 (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials)     

Electronic properties of PbCl2 and PbBr2 using Compton scattering technique

We present the electron momentum densities of PbCl₂ and PbBr₂ using 661.65 keV γ-rays from 20 Ci ¹³⁷Cs source. To supplement our experimental investigations, we also report energy bands, density of states, Mulliken's population and Compton profiles of PbCl₂ and PbBr₂ using linear combination of atomic orbitals within Hartree–Fock and density functional theories. The energy bands are also computed employing full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. Compton profiles are also analyzed in terms of equal-valence-electron-density scale. It shows that PbCl₂ is more covalent than PbBr₂, which is in agreement with the Mulliken's population analysis. It is seen that the Hartree–Fock and density functional theory based Compton line shapes show similar type of deviations from the experimental data. The luminescence properties of these halides are explained on the basis of energy band and density of states.     

石榴叶鞣质对高血脂小鼠糖代谢影响及其机制

目的：探讨石榴叶鞣质对高脂小鼠糖代谢的影响以及降糖的作用机制。方法：通过高脂饮食建立高脂并高血糖小鼠，灌胃石榴叶鞣质，观察小鼠血清糖脂的变化，肝糖元含量；通过体外HepG2细胞实验观察石榴叶鞣质对葡萄糖的利用及其胞内糖元含量变化。结果：灌胃石榴叶鞣质8周后，高脂小鼠外周血总胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖均有明显降低，肝糖元升高；体外实验石榴叶鞣质可以明显促进HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的利用，增加胞内糖元含量。结论：石榴叶鞣质对高脂合并的高血糖有明显的降低作用，其作用机制可能与增加肝内糖元转化有关。